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Filippo Bonanni, S.J., or Buonanni (1638 – 1723) was Italian Jesuit scholar. Among his many works of erudition were treatises on fields ranging from anatomy to music. He created the earliest practical illustrated guide for shell collectors in 1681, for which he is considered a founder of conchology. He also published a study of lacquer which has been of lasting value since his death. ==Life== Bonanni was born in Rome in 1638, and entered the Society of Jesus in 1654, when he was still 17 years old. After his novitiate, in 1656 he was sent to study at the Society's noted Roman College. There he became a pupil of the German scientist, Athanasius Kircher. While a student there, he undertook the manufacturing of microscopic lenses. He used his lenses to create his own microscope and to develop scientific studies of a number of specimens. He also became a skilled copper plate engraver.〔 From Rome, Bonanni was sent to teach in the Jesuit Colleges of Orvieto and Ancona.〔 Upon Kircher's resignation of the post of Professor of Mathematics at the Roman College, Bonanni was chosen to succeed him. After Kircher's death in 1698, Bonanni was appointed curator of the well-known cabinet of curiosities (collection of antiquities) gathered by Kircher and installed in the Roman College.〔 He published a catalogue of the collection in 1709, titled ''Musæum Kicherianum''.〔〔 Bonanni followed Aristotle in believing in theories of spontaneous generation.〔 In critiquing the experimental work of Francesco Redi, Bonanni defended the Aristotelian view. Although he raised important questions, such as whether viewers through the microscope tended to see what they expected, rather than what was there, Bonanni tended to be discounted by later writers as support for Aristotelianism waned.〔 Nonetheless, in early writing about the nature and origins of fossils, Bonanni admitted doubts about whether theories of transport could account for the numbers and distributions of fossils. He later speculated that fossils could be divided into two groups, those which were the remains of organisms, and those which were "products of natural powers". Such interpretations were consistent with the new and challenging idea that the earth must have undergone "extraordinary alterations" to explain the diversity of types and locations of fossils. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Filippo Bonanni」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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